Some loan words are still intensively used today, although Indonesian equivalents exist. For example, suffixes such as "-asi" (e.g., administrasi = administrative) and "-if" (e.g., fiktif = fictief) were applied with consistency. As Dutch-trained linguists determined the rules for the official Indonesian language, Dutch thus affected the structure of the language as well. Dutch colonization and administration, lasting from the 17th century to the 20th, extensively affected the vocabulary.Portuguese contact, trade and colonization in the 16th century was the first contact between Indonesia and European culture, and had an influence that remains today, in spite of the relatively short time period of that influence.Muslim influence, originally through Arabic and Persian traders over a number of centuries, resulted in an extensive influence from the Arabic and Persian.As a result, some of the Chinese language, especially the Hokkien dialect, has been incorporated into Indonesian. Indonesian has evolved through trade with China since ancient times, including through significant numbers of Chinese immigrants migrating to Indonesia.Indian traders may have contributed words as well, in Tamil and Sanskrit-related languages. Early Hindu and Buddhist influence from India results in many Sanskrit words in Indonesian (and especially adopted through Javanese influence).Linguistic history and cultural history are clearly linked. Examples include the early Sanskrit borrowings, probably during the Srivijaya period, the borrowings from Arabic and Persian, especially during the time of the establishment of Islam, and words borrowed from Dutch during the colonial period. The study of Indonesian etymology and loan words reflects its historical and social context. Most terms are documented in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. This event significantly affected the original Malay language, which gradually developed into modern Indonesian. The Dutch adaptation of the Malay language during the colonial period resulted in the incorporation of a significant number of Dutch loanwords and vocabulary. Still other words taken into modern English from Malay/Indonesian probably have other origins (e.g., "satay" from Tamil, or "ketchup" from Chinese).ĭuring development, various native terms (mostly Javanese) from all over the archipelago made their way into the language. Another is "lahar" which is Javanese for a volcanic mudflow. One exception is "bantam", derived from the name of the Indonesian province Banten in Western Java (see Oxford American Dictionary, 2005 edition). Words borrowed into English (e.g., bamboo, orangutan, dugong, amok, and even "cooties") generally entered through Malay language by way of British colonial presence in Malaysia and Singapore, similar to the way the Dutch have been borrowing words from the various native Indonesian languages. Indonesian functions as the lingua franca for speakers of 700 various languages across the archipelago.Ĭonversely, many words of Malay-Indonesian origin have also been borrowed into English. Indonesian differs from the form of Malay used in Malaysia in a number of aspects, primarily due to the different influences both languages experienced and also due to the fact that the majority of Indonesians speak another language as their mother tongue. The Indonesian language has absorbed many loanwords from other languages, Sanskrit, Chinese, Japanese, Arabic, Hebrew, Persian, Portuguese, Dutch, English, and other Austronesian languages. JSTOR ( September 2020) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message).Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.įind sources: "List of loanwords in Indonesian" – news
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